Search results for "non|phenotype"

showing 10 items of 18072 documents

Broadband Ultrahigh-Resolution Spectroscopy of Particle-Induced X Rays: Extending the Limits of Nondestructive Analysis

2016

Nondestructive analysis (NDA) based on x-ray emission is widely used, for example, in the semiconductor and concrete industries. Here, we demonstrate significant quantitative and qualitative improvements in broadband x-ray NDA by combining particle-induced emission with detection based on superconducting microcalorimeter arrays. We show that the technique offers great promise in the elemental analysis of thin-film and bulk samples, especially in the difficult cases where tens of different elements with nearly overlapping emission lines have to be identified down to trace concentrations. We demonstrate the efficiency and resolving capabilities by spectroscopy of several complex multielement …

010302 applied physicsSuperconductivityPhysicsspectroscopyta114nondestructive analysisspektroskopiaNondestructive analysisGeneral Physics and Astronomyx-rays01 natural sciencesImaging phantomTheoretical physicsUltrahigh resolution0103 physical sciencesParticleAtomic physics010306 general physicsSpectroscopyPhysical Review Applied
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Acoustic Wave Behavior in a Specimen Containing an Air Void Defect

2019

The PEA method is the most used technique for the space charge measurements. As is well known, this method uses pressure waves to detect the charges accumulated in solid dielectrics. Based on its working principle, the generated acoustic waves travel within PEA cell and the specimen under test in order to be finally detected by the piezoelectric sensor. For a multilayer specimen and, in particular, in case of different materials that make up the specimen, the acoustic wave reflection is inevitable. Considering that, in several cases, the reflected waves could be detected by the piezoelectric sensor before than the main signals, the PEA cell output profile could results distorted. Based on t…

010302 applied physicsVoid (astronomy)Materials sciencePiezoelectric sensorPEA method020209 energyAcousticsReflected wavesair void02 engineering and technologyAcoustic waveDielectric01 natural sciencesSpace chargeSpace chargeKaptonreflection phenomenonSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaMultilayer specimen0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering
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Light-induced nonthermal population of optical phonons in nanocrystals

2017

Raman spectroscopy is widely used to study bulk and nanomaterials, where information is frequently obtained from spectral line positions and intensities. In this study, we monitored the Raman spectrum of ensembles of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) as a function of optical excitation intensity (optical excitation experiments). We observe that in NCs the red-shift of the Raman peak position with increasing light power density is much steeper than that recorded for the corresponding bulk material. The increase in optical excitation intensity results also in an increasingly higher temperature of the NCs as obtained with Raman thermometry through the commonly used Stokes/anti-Stokes intensity …

010302 applied physicseducation.field_of_studyMaterials sciencePhononPopulation02 engineering and technologyPhysik (inkl. Astronomie)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesMolecular physicsSpectral lineNanomaterialssymbols.namesakeElectrical resistivity and conductivityExcited state0103 physical sciencessymbols0210 nano-technologyeducationRaman spectroscopyExcitation
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Unexpected Substituent Effects in the Iso-Heterocyclic Boulton-Katritzky Rearrangement of 3-Aroylamino-5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: A Mechanistic Stud…

2019

The kinetics of the iso-heterocyclic mononuclear rearrangement of some 3-aroylamino-5-methyl-1,2,4-ozadiazoles was carefully examined under largely variable acidic or alkaline conditions. This reaction may proceed via two different mechanistic pathways (an uncatalyzed and a base-catalyzed one), as accounted for also by the evaluation of the relevant activation parameters. Substituent effects, as quantified by means of the Hammett’s equation, appear relatively modest; however, they reveal some interesting anomalies, which enabled us to draw a very precise picture of the intimate reaction course.

010304 chemical physicsChemistryKineticsSubstituent124-oxadiazoleSettore CHIM/06 - Chimica OrganicaMononuclear Heterocyclic Rearrangement010402 general chemistry01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesKineticschemistry.chemical_compoundSubstituent effectComputational chemistry0103 physical sciencesPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryReaction mechanismThe journal of physical chemistry. A
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Nonlinear response theory for Markov processes II: Fifth-order response functions

2017

The nonlinear response of stochastic models obeying a master equation is calculated up to fifth-order in the external field thus extending the third-order results obtained earlier (G. Diezemann, Phys. Rev. E{\bf 85}, 051502 (2012)). For sinusoidal fields the $5\om$-component of the susceptibility is computed for the model of dipole reorientations in an asymmetric double well potential and for a trap model with a Gaussian density of states. For most realizations of the models a hump is found in the higher-order susceptibilities. In particular, for the asymmetric double well potential model there are two characteristic temperature regimes showing the occurence of such a hump as compared to a …

010304 chemical physicsField (physics)Stochastic modellingMarkov processFOS: Physical sciencesDouble-well potentialCondensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter01 natural sciencesNonlinear systemDipolesymbols.namesakeQuantum mechanics0103 physical sciencesMaster equationsymbolsRelaxation (physics)Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)Statistical physics010306 general physicsMathematics
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Harmonic morphisms in nonlinear potential theory

1992

This article concerns the following problem: given a family of partial differential operators with similar structure and given a continuous mapping f from an open set Ω in Rn into Rn, then when does f pull back the solutions of one equation in the family to solutions of another equation in that family? This problem is typical in the theory of differential equations when one wants to use a coordinate change to study solutions in a different environment.

010308 nuclear & particles physicsGeneral Mathematics010102 general mathematicsHarmonic (mathematics)01 natural sciencesPotential theory30C6535J60AlgebraNonlinear systemMorphism0103 physical sciences0101 mathematicsMathematicsNagoya Mathematical Journal
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Effective characterization of the phase and intensity profiles of asymmetrically distorted light pulses in optical fiber systems

2009

International audience; We address the problem of characterization of light pulses that propagate in long-haul high-bit-rate optical communication systems under strongly perturbed conditions. We show that the conventional technique for characterization of the phase and intensity profile of such pulses becomes qualitatively inconsistent when the pulse's profile is asymmetrically distorted with respect to its center of mass. We resolve these inconsistencies by partially reformulating the conventional technique by means of appropriate pulse parameters, which we call upgraded parameters, that allow a fair characterization of the intensity and phase of all types of light pulses, including those …

010309 optics[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry[CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry020210 optoelectronics & photonics0103 physical sciences[ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringStatistical and Nonlinear Physics02 engineering and technology190.5530 060.5530 060.2330 060.2360 060.451001 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and Optics
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Enantioselective synthesis of 4H-pyranonaphthoquinones via sequential squaramide and silver catalysis

2015

Chemical communications 52(8), 1669-1672(2016). doi:10.1039/C5CC09592A

010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencescatalystsCatalysisCatalysisMichael additionMaterials ChemistryOrganic chemistryenantioselective synthesista116Hydroalkoxylation010405 organic chemistryChemistryMetals and AlloysSquaramideEnantioselective synthesisGeneral Chemistry540hydroalkoxylation0104 chemical sciencesSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialspyranonaphthoquinonesddc:540Ceramics and CompositesMichael reactionChemical Communications
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Towards Atomically Precise Supported Catalysts from Monolayer‐Protected Clusters: The Critical Role of the Support

2020

Abstract Controlling the size and uniformity of metal clusters with atomic precision is essential for fine‐tuning their catalytic properties, however for clusters deposited on supports, such control is challenging. Here, by combining X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, it is shown that supports play a crucial role in the evolution of monolayer‐protected clusters into catalysts. Based on the acidic nature of the support, cluster‐support interactions lead either to fragmentation of the cluster into isolated Au–ligand species or ligand‐free metallic Au0 clusters. On Lewis acidic supports that bind metals strongly, the latter transformation occurs while pre…

010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesgold clustersNanomaterials | Hot PaperCatalysiskultaCatalysisNanomaterialsmonolayer-protected clustersMetalklusteritnoncovalent interactionskatalyytitMonolayerCluster (physics)Non-covalent interactionschemistry.chemical_classificationX-ray absorption spectroscopyFull Paper010405 organic chemistryOrganic ChemistryX-ray absorption spectroscopyGeneral ChemistryFull Papersgold0104 chemical sciencesX-Ray Absorption SpectroscopychemistryChemical physicsvisual_artdensity functional calculationsvisual_art.visual_art_mediumDensity functional theorynanohiukkasetcluster-support interactionChemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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TiO2 Nanoparticles Functionalized with Non-innocent Ligands Allow Oxidative Photocyanation of Amines with Visible/Near-Infrared Photons

2018

Photosynthesis is an efficient mechanism for converting solar light energy into chemical energy. We report on a strategy for the aerobic photocyanation of tertiary amines with visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. Panchromatic sensitization was achieved by functionalizing TiO2 with a 2-methylisoquinolinium chromophore, which captures essential features of the extended π-system of 2,7-diazapyrenium (DAP2+) dications or graphitic carbon nitride. Two phenolic hydroxy groups make this ligand highly redox-active and allow for efficient surface binding and enhanced electron transfer to the TiO2 surface. Non-innocent ligands have energetically accessible levels that allow redox reactions to chang…

010405 organic chemistryChemistryGraphitic carbon nitrideGeneral ChemistryCyanationChromophore010402 general chemistryPhotochemistry01 natural sciencesBiochemistryRedoxCatalysisNon-innocent ligand0104 chemical sciencesCatalysisElectron transferchemistry.chemical_compoundColloid and Surface ChemistryPhotocatalysisJournal of the American Chemical Society
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